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Grades of titanium and titanium alloy

Grades of titanium and titanium alloy

The ASTM International standard on titanium and titanium alloy seamless pipe references the following alloys, requiring the following treatment:
Grade 1 is the most ductile and softest titanium alloy. It is a good solution for cold forming and corrosive environments.ASTM/ ASME SB-265 provides the standards for commercially pure titanium sheet and plate.

Grade 2 Unalloyed titanium, standard oxygen.

Grade 2H Unalloyed titanium (Grade 2 with 58 ksi minimum UTS).

Grade 3 Unalloyed titanium, medium oxygen.

Grades 1-4 are unalloyed and considered commercially pure or "CP". Generally the tensile and yield strength goes up with grade number for these "pure" grades. The difference in their physical properties is primarily due to the quantity of interstitial elements. They are used for corrosion resistance applications where cost, ease of fabrication, and welding are important.

Grade 5, also known as ,
Ti6Al4V, Ti-6Al-4V or Ti 6-4, is the most commonly used alloy. It has a chemical composition of 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium, 0.25% (maximum) iron, 0.2% (maximum) oxygen, and the remainder titanium. It is significantly stronger than commercially pure titanium while having the same stiffness and thermal properties (excluding thermal conductivity, which is about 60% lower in Grade 5 Ti than in CP Ti). Among its many advantages, it is heat treatable. This grade is an excellent combination of strength, corrosion resistance, weld and fabricability.

Generally, Ti-6Al-4V is used in applications up to 400 degrees Celsius. It has a density of roughly 4420 kg/m3, Young's modulus of 120 GPa, and tensile strength of 1000 MPa. By comparison, annealed type 316 stainless steel has a density of 8000 kg/m3, modulus of 193 GPa, and tensile strength of 570 MPa. Tempered 6061 aluminium alloy has a density of 2700 kg/m3, modulus of 69 GPa, and tensile strength of 310 MPa, respectively.

Ti-6Al-4V standard specifications include:

  • UNS: R56400,
  • AMS: 4911, 4920, 4928, 4934-4935, 4965, 4967, 6930-6931, T9046
  • ASTM: B265, B348, B381 F136
  • MIL: T9046-T9047
  • MMS: 1217, 1233
  • DMS: 1570, 1583, 1592, 2285, 2442 R-1
  • BMS: 7-348

 

Grade 6 contains 5% aluminium and 2.5% tin. It is also known as Ti-5Al-2.5Sn. This alloy is used in airframes and jet engines due to its good weldability, stability and strength at elevated temperatures.
V Grade 7 contains 0.12 to 0.25% palladium. This grade is similar to Grade 2. The small quantity of palladium added gives it enhanced crevice corrosion resistance at low temperatures and high pH.

Grade 7H is identical to Grade 7 with enhanced corrosion resistance.

Grade 9 contains 3.0% aluminium and 2.5% vanadium. This grade is a compromise between the ease of welding and manufacturing of the "pure" grades and the high strength of Grade 5. It is commonly used in aircraft tubing for hydraulics and in athletic equipment.

Grade 11 contains 0.12 to 0.25% palladium. This grade has enhanced corrosion resistance.

Grade 12 contains 0.3% molybdenum and 0.8% nickel.

Grades 13, 14, and 15 all contain 0.5% nickel and 0.05% ruthenium.

Grade 16 contains 0.04 to 0.08% palladium. This grade has enhanced corrosion resistance.

Grade 16H contains 0.04 to 0.08% palladium.

Grade 17 contains 0.04 to 0.08% palladium. This grade has enhanced corrosion resistance. 

Grade 18 contains 3% aluminium, 2.5% vanadium and 0.04 to 0.08% palladium. This grade is identical to Grade 9 in terms of mechanical characteristics. The added palladium gives it increased corrosion resistance.

Grade 19 contains 3% aluminium, 8% vanadium, 6% chromium, 4% zirconium, and 4% molybdenum.

Grade 20 contains 3% aluminium, 8% vanadium, 6% chromium, 4% zirconium, 4% molybdenum and 0.04% to 0.08% palladium. Grade 21 contains 15% molybdenum, 3% aluminium, 2.7% niobium, and 0.25% silicon.

Grade 23 contains 6% aluminium, 4% vanadium, 0.13% (maximum) Oxygen. Improved ductility and fracture toughness with some reduction in strength.

Grade 24contains 6% aluminium, 4% vanadium and 0.04% to 0.08% palladium.

Grade 25 contains 6% aluminium, 4% vanadium and 0.3% to 0.8% nickel and 0.04% to 0.08% palladium.

Grades 26, 26H, and 27 all contain 0.08 to 0.14% ruthenium.

Grade 28 contains 3% aluminium, 2.5% vanadium and 0.08 to 0.14% ruthenium.

Grade 29 contains 6% aluminium, 4% vanadium and 0.08 to 0.14% ruthenium.

Grades 30 and 31 contain 0.3% cobalt and 0.05% palladium.

Grade 32 contains 5% aluminium, 1% tin, 1% zirconium, 1% vanadium, and 0.8% molybdenum.

Grades 33 and 34 contain 0.4% nickel, 0.015% palladium, 0.025% ruthenium, and 0.15% chromium . 

Grade 35 contains 4.5% aluminium, 2% molybdenum, 1.6% vanadium, 0.5% iron, and 0.3% silicon.

Grade 36 contains 45% niobium.

Grade 37 contains 1.5% aluminium.

Grade 38 contains 4% aluminium, 2.5% vanadium, and 1.5% iron. This grade was developed in the 1990s for use as an armor plating. The iron reduces the amount of Vanadium needed as a beta stabilizer. Its mechanical properties are very similar to Grade 5, but has good cold workability similar to grade 9.

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